Birth Control Methods in Brief Adapted 2013 by the ACT for Youth Center of Excellence from the CDC web page and additional sources. Links to brief videos available on YouTube from Planned Parenthood Federation of America (2010) are also provided.
Over-the-Counter Methods Condoms Condoms (male and female) are the only form of contraception that also prevent sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) like gonorrhea and chlamydia, as well as HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. To prevent pregnancy and protect health, combine a condom with a highly effective pregnancy prevention method from your health care provider. Male Condom Worn on the penis, a male condom prevents the exchange of body fluids. Condoms are the only birth control method that also reduces the risk of STDs and HIV. It's important to know how to use condoms correctly, and to use them correctly every time you have sex. No visit to a health care provider is required; condoms are available at drug stores, grocery stores, and convenience stores without a prescription. Male condoms are 82–98% effective at preventing pregnancy (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2013). Planned Parenthood informational video--Condoms: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XtvshMwnBuI&feature Planned Parenthood condom demonstration video--How to Use a Condom: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EdSq2HB7jqU&feature Female Condom A female condom is a polyurethane pouch with flexible rings at both ends. It fits inside the vagina to help prevent pregnancy and to protect against STDs and HIV. It can be inserted up to eight hours before sex. Female and male condoms should not be used at the same time because friction can cause them to break. A prescription is not required. Although female condoms cost more than male condoms, some organizations (community organizations, family planning sites, and health clinics) may offer free female condoms (ACT for Youth, 2011a). Used correctly, female condoms are 79–95% effective at preventing pregnancy (CDC, 2013). Planned Parenthood informational video--The Female Condom: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OOfZ6VfmQ_s&feature
Emergency Contraception Pills Emergency contraception (EC) is birth control that can prevent pregnancy after you've had unprotected sex. The sooner you take EC pills -- ideally within the first 12 hours -- the more likely they are to work. However, they can still work if used up to five days after unprotected sex. Women age 17 years and older should be able to get EC from a pharmacist without a prescription, but should be prepared to show proof of age and pay the cost (about $40-$50). Those younger than 17 or unable to pay the full cost can call a family planning provider. Note that at this July 2013 update, EC is expected to soon be available “off the shelf” without age restrictions. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that EC be purchased in
advance to have on hand for immediate use in an emergency. EC does not protect against STDs/HIV. (Sources: ACT for Youth, 2011b; American Academy of Pediatrics, 2012; CDC, 2013, Office of Population Research, 2013.).
Emergency Contraception status, news: http://ec.princeton.edu/emergency-contraception.html http://ec.princeton.edu/news/
Planned Parenthood informational video--The Morning After Pill http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_vQ7_C9xeAI&feature
Prescribed Methods
All prescription methods:
• Require a visit to a health care provider.
• May have side effects, which may be different from person to person.
• Are not for everyone: what works for one person may not work for another.
• Do not protect against STDs/HIV – always include condoms to prevent infections!
Long-Acting Reversible Contraception (LARC) LARC methods include the contraceptive implant and the IUD, and are the most effective methods we have for pregnancy prevention. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends these methods for pregnancy prevention in teenagers. Implant Inserted under the skin in the upper arm, the implant is a small, flexible rod that contains hormone. It must be inserted and removed by a health care provider. One implant will last for three years. It is highly (99%) effective at preventing pregnancy. It does not protect against STDs/HIV. (Source: CDC, 2013). Planned Parenthood YouTube video--What Is Implanon, the Birth Control Implant? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CVYzt5MEpFs&feature Intrauterine Device - IUD The intrauterine device (IUD) is a small, T-shaped device that a health care provider inserts into the uterus. There are two kinds. The Copper T IUD can stay in place for up to 10 years, and the Mirena (Levonorgestrel) IUD can stay in place up to 5 years. They are easily removed by a health care provider. Both types of IUD are over 99% effective at preventing pregnancy. They do not protect against STDs/HIV. (Source: CDC, 2013). Planned Parenthood YouTube video--How Does an IUD Prevent Pregnancy? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9V9iowTtPcU&feature Emergency Contraception IUD Another option for emergency contraception is insertion of the Copper T IUD within seven days of unprotected sex. This type of EC is 99% effective, and has the additional advantage of becoming a highly effective regular method of birth control. It does not protect against STDs/HIV. (Source: CDC, 2013). Other Hormonal Methods Shot The shot is a hormonal injection given every three months by a health care provider. It is highly effective (94–99%) at preventing pregnancy. (Source: CDC, 2013). Planned Parenthood YouTube video--What Is Depo-Provera, the Birth Control Shot? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=crw-8CPMPfE&feature Ring The ring is a two-inch flexible circle that is inserted into the vagina where it releases hormones to prevent pregnancy. The ring is worn for three weeks each month, followed by a one-week break, then a new ring is put in. It is 91–99% effective at preventing pregnancy. It does not protect against STDs/HIV. (Source: CDC, 2013). Planned Parenthood YouTube video--What Is NuvaRing, the Birth Control Vaginal Ring? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QKJwVeX65UA&feature Patch Worn on the skin, the patch is another hormonal method of birth control. A patch is worn for three out of every four weeks, with a new patch put on each week. On the fourth week no patch is worn. The patch is 91–99% effective at preventing pregnancy. It does not protect against STDs/HIV. (Source: CDC, 2013). Planned Parenthood YouTube video: What Is the Birth Control Patch? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jpOPRCKQixE&feature Pill Oral contraceptives are pills that slightly alter a woman's hormone levels. For oral contraceptives to work, the woman must take a pill at the same time each day. The pill is 91–99% effective at preventing pregnancy. It does not protect against STDs/HIV. (Source: CDC, 2013). Planned Parenthood YouTube video: Birth Control Pills: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KsQgMhvkg4E&feature Diaphragm or Cervical Cap Diaphragms and cervical caps are cups that a woman inserts within the vagina to cover the opening of the uterus (cervix). Like condoms, these are barrier methods: they prevent sperm from reaching the egg. However, unlike condoms, they allow semen to enter the woman’s body, so they do not protect against STDs/HIV. Diaphragms and cervical caps must be fitted by a health care provider. Used with spermicide, the diaphragm is 84–94% effective at preventing pregnancy. (Source: CDC, 2013). References
ACT for Youth. (2011a). ACT youth network: Female condoms. Retrieved from http://www.nysyouth.net/sexual_health/condoms/female_condoms.cfm ACT for Youth. (2011b). ACT youth network: Emergency contraception. Retrieved from http://www.nysyouth.net/sexual_health/emergency_contraception/
American Academy of Pediatrics. (2012). Policy statement: Emergency contraception.
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2012, October). Adolescents and long
acting reversible contraception: Implants and intrauterine devices. Committee on Adolescent Health Care, Committee Opinion 539. Obstetrics and Gynecology 120(4).
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2013). Reproductive health: Contraception.
Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/unintendedpregnancy/contraception.htm
Office of Population Research. (2013). The emergency contraception website. Retrieved from
the Princeton University website:http://ec.princeton.edu/emergency-contraception.html
Planned Parenthood Federation of America. (2010). YouTube: Birth control videos. [Links for
individual videos are provided above. For full list see link below.] http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OOfZ6VfmQ_s&feature=list_related&playnext=1&list=SPA46DFCD237A38D37
CONSERVATION DES SOLUTIONS BUVABLES / GOUTTES après ouverture du flacon SPECIALITE CONDITIONS DE CONSERVATION 5 semaines Au réfrigérateur – rincer la pipette après utilisation (eau chaude) 2 semaines Au réfrigérateur AUGMENTIN 1 semaine 1 semaine BRISTOPEN 2 semaines CELESTENE 2 semaines Température ambiante (ne PAS mettre au réfrigéra
pKa Values For complex chelating agents, see also reference 77. Note. This document was compiled by W.P. Jencks and has been added to by F.H. Westheimer Compound * Indicates a thermodynamic value. PHOSPHATES AND PHOSPHONATES Phosphates Compound Arylphosphonic acids Phosphonates H2O3PCH2CH(CH3)PO3H2 <2, 2.6, 7.00, 9.27 57**These values were obtained in 50% ethanol.