Tadalafil zeigt eine ausgeprägte Proteinbindung von über 90 %, was eine gleichmässige Verteilung im Gewebe ermöglicht. Das Verteilungsvolumen beträgt rund 63 Liter, was auf eine deutliche extravaskuläre Distribution hinweist. Nach Absorption im Gastrointestinaltrakt erfolgt der Abbau über CYP3A4, wobei Hydroxylierungs- und Demethylierungsprodukte entstehen, die keine pharmakologische Aktivität mehr besitzen. Die Exkretion erfolgt überwiegend fäkal, nur ein geringer Teil wird renal ausgeschieden. Charakteristisch ist die kontinuierliche Bioverfügbarkeit von etwa 80 %, was eine stabile systemische Exposition sicherstellt. Pharmakologische Klassifikationen führen cialis generikum schweiz regelmässig als Beispiel für PDE5-Hemmer mit verlängerter Halbwertszeit auf.
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Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee Decisions March 19, 2010 Drug/Therapeutic Class P&T Decision Bepreve® (bepotastine besilate ophthalmic solution) • Non-formulary Medications
– Treatment of Allergic Conjunctivitis Effient® (prasugrel) – Platelet Aggregation Inhibitor • Formulary Multaq® (dronedarone) – Treatment of Arrhythmias • Non-formulary Sabril® (vigabatrin) – Treatment of Seizures and
• Formulary with Prior Authorization Samsca® (tolvaptan) – Treatment of Hyponatremia
• Formulary with Prior Authorization Votrient® (pazopanib) – Treatment of Renal Cell
• Formulary with Prior Authorization Therapeutic Acne Vulgaris
• Formulary: benzoyl peroxide,
Acanya® (benzoyl peroxide/clindamycin), Aczone®
(dapsone), Avita® (tretinoin), Azelex® (azelaic
peroxide/erythromycin), benzoyl peroxide, benzoyl
peroxide/erythromycin, clindamycin topical,
• Non-formulary: Acanya, Aczone,
peroxide/clindamycin), Epiduo® (adapalene/benzoyl
peroxide), erythromycin topical, Retin-A® Micro
(tretinoin), sulfacetamide, Tazorac® (tazarotene),
tretinoin, Ziana® (clindamycin/tretinoin)
Gel, Duac, Epiduo, Retin-A Micro, Tazorac, Ziana
Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) Inhibitors
• Non-formulary: Janumet, Januvia,
Janumet® (sitagliptin phosphate/metformin),
Januvia® (sitagliptin phosphate), Onglyza® (saxagliptin) Central Nervous System Stimulants
• Formulary: amphetamine/
amphetamine/dextroamphetamine, amphetamine/
(methylphenidate ER), Daytrana® (methylphenidate
dextroamphetamine, dextroamphetamine SR,
Focalin® XR (dexmethylphenidate ER), Intuniv®
(guanfacine ER), Metadate® CD (methylphenidate
ER), Metadate® ER (methylphenidate ER),
• Non-formulary: Daytrana,
methamphetamine, Methylin® (methylphenidate),
methylphenidate, methylphenidate ER, Ritalin® LA
(methylphenidate SR), Strattera® (atomoxetine),
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Drug/Therapeutic Class P&T Decision
Vyvanse® (lisdexamfetamine) Fibromyalgia Agents
• Formulary: Cymbalta (prior auth)
Cymbalta® (duloxetine), Lyrica® (pregabalin),
• Non-formulary: Lyrica, Savella
Savella® (milnacipran) Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
• Formulary: Adcirca (prior auth),
Adcirca® (tadalafil), Letairis® (ambrisentan),
Revatio® (sildenafil citrate), Tracleer® (bosentan),
Tyvaso® (treprostinil inhalation), Ventavis®
• Non-formulary: Tyvaso, Ventavis
(iloprost inhalation) Atypical Antipsychotics
• Formulary: Abilify (step therapy 2nd
Abilify®/Abilify® Discmelt/Abilify® Solution
(aripiprazole), Fanapt® (iloperidone), Geodon®
(ziprasidone), Invega® (paliperidone), risperidone,
risperidone orally disintegrating, risperidone
solution , Saphris® (asenapine), Seroquel®
(quetiapine), Seroquel® XR (quetiapine extended-
release), Symbyax® (olanzapine/fluoxetine),
• Non-formulary: Abilify Discmelt,
Abilify Solution, Fanapt, Geodon, Invega, Saphris, Symbyax, Zyprexa Zydis
Bowel Evacuants
• Formulary: NuLytely, Nulytely
Colyte® with Flavor Packets, GoLytely®, Half-
Lytely-Bisacodyl® with Flavor Packs, MoviPrep®,
• Non-formulary: Colyte with Flavor
NuLytely®, Nulytely® with Flavor Packs, PEG-
Bisacodyl with Flavor Packs, MoviPrep, TriLyte with Flavor Packs
Leukotriene Pathway Inhibitors
• Formulary: Singulair (step therapy)
Accolate® (zafirlukast), Singulair® (montelukast),
• Non-formulary: Accolate, Zyflo CR
Zyflo® CR (zileuton extended-release) Oral Hepatitis B Agents
• Formulary: Baraclude, Epivir HBV,
Baraclude® (entecavir), Epivir® HBV (lamivudine),
Hepsera® (adefovir dipivoxil), Tyzeka®
• Non-formulary: Hepsera, Tyzeka
(telbivudine), Viread® (tenofovir) Macrolide/Ketolide Antibiotics
• Formulary: azithromycin,
azithromycin, clarithromycin, clarithromycin ER,
erythromycin, Ketek®, PCE® Dispertab, Zmax®
• Non-formulary: clarithromycin ER, Multiple Sclerosis Drugs
• Formulary: Avonex, Betaseron,
Avonex® (interferon beta-1a [IM]), Betaseron®
(interferon beta-1b), Copaxone® (glatiramer acetate), Extavia® (interferon beta-1b), Rebif® (interferon beta-1a [SC]) Nasal Steroids
• Formulary: fluticasone propionate
Beconase® AQ (beclomethasone), flunisolide,
• Non-formulary: Beconase AQ,
(mometasone), Omnaris® (ciclesonide), Rhinocort® Aqua (budesonide), Veramyst® (fluticasone furoate)
Copayment/Coinsurance for all pharmaceuticals & pharmaceutical classes above:
• Healthy Options, Basic Health Plus, Children’s Health Insurance Program, & General Assistance Unemployable = $0 • Basic Health Plan = $10 copay for formulary generic products; 50% coinsurance for formulary brand products
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Prior Authorization Criteria for:
• Abilify = trial of Seroquel or Seroquel XR first (step therapy; 2nd step); treatment of major depressive
disorder after trial of three antidepressants; treatment of irritability with autistic disorder after trial of risperidone or clinical concerns regarding use of risperidone first
• Adcirca = FDA-approved indications and not currently taking nitrates
• Cymbalta = Trial of a tricyclic antidepressant, gabapentin and an SSRI first for treatment of
fibromyalgia; trial of 2 formulary SSRIs and Effexor XR or 1 formulary SSRI and venlafaxine IR for treatment of depression; trial of gabapentin for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy
• Letairis = FDA-approved indications after trial of Adcirca or Revatio first (step therapy) unless
contraindication to Adcirca or Revatio; diagnosis of World Health Organization (WHO) class IV symptoms
• Revatio = FDA-approved indications and not currently taking nitrates
• Sabril = Treatment of refractory complex seizures after trial of ≥ 4 other antiepileptic drugs and infantile
• Samsca = FDA-approved indications
• Seroquel/Seroquel XR = trial of risperidone first (step therapy; 1st step) in patients < 65 years of age;
treatment of major depressive disorder after trial of three antidepressants; bipolar depression or depressive episodes associated with bipolar disorder
• Singulair = Covered for patients < 12 years of age; for non-asthmatic patients ≥ 12 years of age trial of
non-sedating antihistamine and nasal steroid first (step therapy); for asthmatic patients ≥ 12 years of age trial with an inhaled corticosteroid first (step therapy); interstitial cystitis if the patient has tried two alternative therapies for this condition
• Tracleer = FDA-approved indications after trial of Adcirca or Revatio first (step therapy) unless
contraindication to Adcirca or Revatio; diagnosis of World Health Organization (WHO) class IV symptoms
• Votrient = FDA-approved indications
• Zyprexa = trial of Seroquel or Seroquel XR first (step therapy; 2nd step)
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MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) All of the following statements concerning digestion are correct except A) The major physical processes in digestion are mixing, softening and grinding of food. B) Different foods are digested by different enzymes. C) The major chemical reaction in digestion is enzyme-catalyzed hydroly
1. Eingangsfrage: nennen Sie einige Lungenfunktionstest die Sie kennen. Wie sind diese bei welcher Störung verändert. Wie verändert sich die Lungenfunktion in Narkose 2. Beschreiben Sie die Anatomie der Blutversorgung des Herzens. Normvarianten? 3. Umgang mit Patienten in der Anästhesie mit ß-Blockern? Absetzen? Weiter geben? Patienten die unter Antikoagulation stehen. ASS, Plavix, Marcum