Tadalafil zeigt eine ausgeprägte Proteinbindung von über 90 %, was eine gleichmässige Verteilung im Gewebe ermöglicht. Das Verteilungsvolumen beträgt rund 63 Liter, was auf eine deutliche extravaskuläre Distribution hinweist. Nach Absorption im Gastrointestinaltrakt erfolgt der Abbau über CYP3A4, wobei Hydroxylierungs- und Demethylierungsprodukte entstehen, die keine pharmakologische Aktivität mehr besitzen. Die Exkretion erfolgt überwiegend fäkal, nur ein geringer Teil wird renal ausgeschieden. Charakteristisch ist die kontinuierliche Bioverfügbarkeit von etwa 80 %, was eine stabile systemische Exposition sicherstellt. Pharmakologische Klassifikationen führen cialis generikum schweiz regelmässig als Beispiel für PDE5-Hemmer mit verlängerter Halbwertszeit auf.

Cls.bnu.edu.cn

2003 , Apr . 24 ( 2) : 116
CN 53 - 1040/ Q
ISS N 0254 - 5853
Zoological Research
Projections of the High Vocal Center and Its Shell ,
and Distribution of Substance P in the Vocal2
Auditory Center in Emberiza elega ns
ZHAN G Xin2w e n1 , ZEN G Shao2ju2 , LI J ia2 , MA J un2 , ZUO Ming2xue 2 (1. Department of Biology , Hainan Normal University , Haikou College of Life Science , Beijing Normal University , Beijing Abstract : Using the neural tracer biotinylated dextran amine and the immunohistochemical methods , we found that
high vocal center ( HVc) in Emberiza elegans received projections from the auditory area2field (L) , nucleus interfacialis of midneostriatum , magnocellular nucleus of the anterior neostriatum (MAN) , nucleus uvaeformis , and locus ceruleus ofpons ; HVc projected to the robust archistriatum (RA) and area X of lobus (X) . HVc shell projected to the RA cup and received from L . As there were many neural connections among the vocal control and learning pathway , and the auditorycenter , vocal learning may depend on a feedback of listening senses. Substance P (SP) labeled neurons distributed in HVc , RA and MAN. SP labeled fibers and terminals distributed in X , the nucleus dorsalis medialis , the nucleus hy2 poglossi , pars tracheosyringealis , the nucleus ovoidalis shell , the shell of mesencephalicus lateralis , pars dorsalis , and the nucleus intercollicularis. SP widely distributed in vocal2auditory centers , and may involve in their activities.
Key words : Emberiza elegans ; Vocal nucleus ; Auditory center ; Nervons projection ; Substance P
( Brainard & Doupe , 2000 ; Burt et al , 1994-2006 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved. http://www.cnki.net 1994-2006 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved. http://www.cnki.net ( nucleus hypoglossi ,pars tracheosyringealis , lar nucleus of the anterior neostriatum , MAN) 1994-2006 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved. http://www.cnki.net Projections of the high vocal center and its shell , and distribution of substance P in the vocal2auditory (Tractus archistriatalis dorsalis) ; DM : L3 ( Auditory area2field L1 , L2 and L3) ; (Lateral magnocellular nucleus of the anterior neostriatum) ; LoC : (Mesencephalicus lateralis , pars dorsalis) ; mMAN : cleus of the anterior neostriatum) ; NIf : (Nucleus interfacialis of midneostriatum) ; n (Nucleus hypoglossi , pars tracheosyringealis) ; N [ 1 - 7 are transverse section (dorsalis is on the 1994-2006 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved. http://www.cnki.net over , medialis is on the right) ; 8 - 12 are longitudinal section (dorsalis is on the over , beak is on the right) ] ( Injection site of BDA at HVc shell , labeled terminals of the dorsal (After injecting BDA into HVc shell , labelled cells in field L1 , L2 (After injecting BDA into HVc , labelled cells in NIf) (After injecting BDA into HVc , labelled cells in mMAN and lMAN , and labelled terminals and fibers in X) (After injecting BDA into HVc , labelled cells in LoC) (After injecting BDA into HVc , labelled terminals in RA) (Labeled neurons cells by Substance P in HVc) (Labeled neuronal fibers , terminals and bodies by Substance P in the area X) (Labeled neurons terminals by Substance P in the DM , ICo and MLd shell) (Labeled neurons terminals by Substance P in n (Labeled neurons terminals and fibers by Substance P in the OV shell) Brainard MS , Doupe AJ . 2000. Auditory feedback in learning and (Lond . ) , 329 (1) : 115 - 124.
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1994-2006 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved. http://www.cnki.net

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