Durante mucho tiempo no había principios uniformes para la Atribución de nombres a los antibióticos https://antibioticos-wiki.es . Más a menudo se les llama por el nombre genérico o especie del producto, con menos frecuencia-de acuerdo con la estructura química. Algunos antibióticos se nombran de acuerdo con el lugar donde se asignó el producto.
Microsoft word - other types of hiv support.docx
Other Types of HIV/AIDS Support
The data in this report represent financial contributions only from HIV/AIDS funders, in the form of external grants and programs. Such financial contributions can be used to conduct a trend analysis because they are quantifiable as monetary amounts and are measurable in a clear and distinct way. However, many funders contribute in other important ways that are not as easily quantifiable or measurable. Some examples are noted below. Private operating foundations Private operating foundations are those that use the bulk of their resources to run their own charitable programs and make few, if any, grants to outside organisations. In some cases, the HIV/AIDS philanthropy reported to FCAA and EFG includes the value of programmatic efforts and operational grantmaking, but not operational (internal) staff or other costs. The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation is one example of a U.S.-based private operating foundation that is not able to identify and report HIV/AIDS-specific funding because its HIV-related activities that are increasingly integrated throughout its programs across the entire foundation. Though the foundation is usually one of the top 10 funders in terms of highest annual disbursements, it is not possible to separately identify and report the level of foundation resources dedicated specifically to HIV/AIDS. It should be noted that the foundation has maintained its commitment and amount of resources dedicated to HIV/AIDS both domestically and globally, and is a leader in providing resources to support its own HIV/AIDS policy, media and communications programs. The Kaiser Daily HIV/AIDS report, HIV/AIDS fact sheets, polls, and analysis and research on policies and funding have served an invaluable role as leading sources of information for the field. The foundation also uses media to reach at-risk populations (as part of the Global Media Initiative), and aims to facilitate creative partnerships between advocates and policymakers to build capacity in HIV- affected communities. Corporate programs Several corporations that operate HIV/AIDS programs are not willing or able to report those programs financially. In some cases, corporations do not centrally or specifically track HIV/AIDS expenditures and therefore reporting is not feasible. Also, many corporations with branch facilities in areas highly affected by HIV (such as in sub- Saharan Africa) support workplace programs that provide HIV/AIDS services to employees, sometimes extending those services to employees’ families or all community members. Those HIV/AIDS-specific services are usually offered with other health services at a corporate facility’s on-site clinic. As such, quantifying the monetary value of
specific HIV/AIDS services for a corporation with facilities in several countries is very difficult and is usually not available. In addition, other forms of support—such as volunteer efforts by corporate employees, matching donations programs, in-kind donations, cause-related marketing, and donations of technical assistance—are not always able to be valued monetarily or tracked as such. They are nonetheless valuable resources offered by corporations, especially those that can leverage other investments or build the capacity of communities to operate their own programs and services. GBCHealth provides a membership directory of corporations that are involved in health funding, focusing on the areas of HIV/AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis, and non- communicable diseases. Available at: www.gbchealth.org/our-coalition/member- directory/ In-kind donations
FCAA and EFG offer funders the option of reporting donations of goods and services that are not or cannot be valued monetarily. Some reported examples are noted below, illustrating the diversity of support. U.S.-based funders:
- Abbott and Abbott Fund: Product donations including antibiotics, and nutritionals
in Romania ($211,290) and lab equipment and supplies in Tanzania ($287,435) to support children affected by AIDS
- American Jewish world service: Provides in-kind donations through international
volunteers placed at organizations addressing HIV/AIDS
- Chevron Corporation: Provided training for peer health educators in small and
medium size companies in Chevron’s supply chain, training for partner NGOs, and supplies and equipment for new health center in Angola
- Design Industries Foundation Fighting AIDS (DIFFA): Donation of $31,255 in
secured custom decor, design furnishings and goods for regional auction; $26,000 in spirits and wines for national and chapter events in seven cities; and 34 round-trip airline tickets worth $31,800
- Firelight Foundation: Provides capacity building, material resources, funding
- The Health Foundation of Greater Indianapolis: Utilized fundraising online
software for other agencies events to help bolster their fundraising
- M•A•C AIDS Fund and M•A•C Cosmetics: Product donations worth $70,662 and
- Merck: As part of its support of the African Comprehensive HIV/AIDS
Partnerships (ACHAP), the Merck Company Foundation/Merck provides donations of the HIV medications Isentress, Stocrin, Atripla and Crixivan
- Staying Alive Foundation: DVDs with programs produced by MTVNI
European-based funders:
- Boehringer Ingelheim: Though Viramune® (single-dose nevirapine) is no longer
considered a recommended drug for prevention of vertical transmission by the World Health Organization, in countries experiencing difficulties transitioning to the new guidelines, Boehringer Ingelheim will until the end of 2013 provide interim assistance, on request, to the sites the company has supported in the past, with supplies of Viramune® tablets and suspension.1
- Sidaction: 250,000 condoms, three computers, 167 DVDs about HIV, 500 guides
Technical assistance
Technical Assistance (TA) is the transfer of expert knowledge, such as professional advice and training, from a grantmaker to a grantee, and serves an important function in building organizational capacity and sustainability. FCAA and EFG asked funders if they had done any TA in 2011 as part of their HIV/AIDS grantmaking, and if possible, to provide a financial value. U.S.-based funders:
• Abbott and Abbott Fund: Lab mentors from the Abbott Diagnostics Division train
local Tanzanian staff, improve capacity and morale and get new laboratories operational; approximate value of $92,000.
• AIDS Foundation of Chicago: Provides a wide range of TA to service provider
agencies funded through a number of designated grantmaking programs. In addition to funding, many of the privately funded agencies are provided with ongoing trainings, assistance with data collection and evaluation, and support with collaboration and partnerships.
• AIDS United: Provided TA valued at approximately $951,943 for staff, program
1 As per Boehringer Ingelheim website, http://corporateresponsibility.boehringer-ingelheim.com/corporate_citizenship/combating_hiv_aids.html. Accessed 23 August 2012.
• American Jewish World Service: Provides TA through international volunteers
placed at grantee partners, as well as through in-country consultants that provide assistance in the areas of organizational development, resource mobilization and networking.
• amfAR: amfAR's MSM Initiative works with each of its grantees to prioritize
technical and capacity building needs relevant to organizational development and/or project implementation. amfAR then engages locally or regionally based consultants to serve as mentors and provide guidance and training to address grantee-prioritized needs. In 2011, the approximate value of TA was $42,500.
• Bristol-Myers Squibb Foundation and Bristol-Myers Squibb Co.: BMS continued
its Technical Assistance Program in 2011 by providing support to organizations, governments, and communities in Africa on governance, financial management, food security and income-generating activities through deployment of over 40 faculty working with community-based organizations.
• Chevron: Provides ongoing training for community health workers and clinicians
• Design Industries Foundation Fighting AIDS (DIFFA): For six cities, created and
produced Event Training Manuals and held bi-monthly conference calls, plus two site visits for each market, with approximate value of $18,000.
• Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation: Provides a range of TA including
quality assurance, monitoring and evaluation, supportive mentoring, standard operating procedures, convenings and trainings.
• Firelight Foundation: Funded capacity building for both organizational
• International Treatment Preparedness Coalition: Provided approximately
• Robin Hood Foundation: Provides board placement, real estate planning, and
marketing assistance with approximate value of $20,000.
• Staying Alive Foundation: Provides a training and capacity building program to
strengthen grantees' organizations that includes residential workshops (modules covered are strategy and planning, financial management, resource mobilization, monitoring and evaluation, and media and marketing), e-courses (on advocacy, project management and grantwriting and fundraising). Grantees are paired with local mentors to give them local TA if needed.
• ViiV Healthcare: Provided TA to Positive Action Children’s Fund Small Grant
Recipients with approximate value of $1.3 million (€1 million).
• AVERT: Provides capacity building and professional advice to grantees.
• Boehringer Ingelheim: Boehringer Ingelheim engages in healthcare-supporting
activities, such as human resources development and capacity building through training and education in various ways, including:
- Training paramedical/laboratory staff in South Africa (SA) - The Boehringer Ingelheim Endowed Chair in Clinical Pharmacology, Botswana - The Botswana Clinical Trial Programme - The Boehringer Ingelheim Facilitation and Training Centre, Botswana - Pharmacy Students at Rhodes University, SA - The Boehringer Ingelheim Lung Institute, Cape Town, SA - Boehringer Ingelheim Medical Students Programme, Cape Town & Stellenbosch, SA - Clinical Epidemiology Fellowship, SA - ICEM AIDS workplace programme in India2
• Cecily’s Fund: Provides monitoring and evaluation capacity building, external
evaluation (value: £7,092) and financial capacity building through volunteers visiting Zambia.
• The Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fund: Provides capacity and policy
• Egmont Trust: Advice is provided to African partners on organizational
• Fondation Total: For a project in Cameroon that aims to increase HIV awareness
of truck drivers, Total employees provide technical assistance, as they are familiar with working in Cameroon and truck driving.
• Fondation de France: Technical assistance is provided through e-mails, telephone,
or during field missions (about gender, as well as monitoring and evaluation). In 2011, technical assistance was provided in Benin and Togo for partners.
• Mama Cash: Mama Cash uses an accompaniment support approach, which means
a commitment is made to developing long-term, multi-year relationships with grantees. Over and above the provision of grants, support is also provided for
2 As per Boehringer Ingelheim website, http://corporateresponsibility.boehringer-ingelheim.com/corporate_citizenship/combating_hiv_aids.html. Accessed 23 August 2012.
organizational development, offering critical feedback and strategic planning advice, and providing opportunities for learning and networking. Specific examples of what this can entail include the following: - In-depth conversations with groups in developing their vision and planned outcomes, for the grant period and beyond - Support for developing budgeting skills so that groups can access funding beyond Mama Cash - Participation in (and sometimes even facilitation of) strategic planning processes - Organizing grantee meetings where groups can meet each other, share experiences, learn from each other and potentially engage in joint projects - Support during the monitoring and evaluation processes in the form of conversations, suggestions, exploration of progress and brainstorming solutions to challenges being experienced - Linking groups to peer donors so that they may access additional funding
• Sidaction: Methodological support of management as well as support for
submitting funding requests are made by employees of associative programs. The approximate value of travel, equipment and training for the management support is €1,330,758. The approximate value of paid staff is €998,603.
Other sources of support Research institutions, hospitals, clinics, counselling centres, churches, homeless shelters, orphanages, community health programs, private individual donors, and anonymous donors all represent other sources of HIV/AIDS funding, goods, and services that are difficult to identify and/or quantify. Even so, their contributions are highly valuable.
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