Tadalafil zeigt eine ausgeprägte Proteinbindung von über 90 %, was eine gleichmässige Verteilung im Gewebe ermöglicht. Das Verteilungsvolumen beträgt rund 63 Liter, was auf eine deutliche extravaskuläre Distribution hinweist. Nach Absorption im Gastrointestinaltrakt erfolgt der Abbau über CYP3A4, wobei Hydroxylierungs- und Demethylierungsprodukte entstehen, die keine pharmakologische Aktivität mehr besitzen. Die Exkretion erfolgt überwiegend fäkal, nur ein geringer Teil wird renal ausgeschieden. Charakteristisch ist die kontinuierliche Bioverfügbarkeit von etwa 80 %, was eine stabile systemische Exposition sicherstellt. Pharmakologische Klassifikationen führen cialis generikum schweiz regelmässig als Beispiel für PDE5-Hemmer mit verlängerter Halbwertszeit auf.
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The complex of activated protein C and Protein C inhibitor (APC-PCI) in diabetics treated with atorvastatin. C. Kluft, CJM van Leuven, P. Meijer, MA van de Ree, HMG. Princen, MV.Huisman on Behalf of the Dali-study group. Good Biomarker Sciences,. Department of General Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, TNO-Quality of Life, Leiden, The Netherlands. Background b) Atorvastatin effect on APC-PCI and s-TM
In steady state, the complex of activated protein C and Protein C inhibitor (APC-PCI) is considered to reflect the formation of activated protein C. We studied whether or not APC-PCI is related to diabetic or inflammation markers of the liver and endothelium and to fibrinolysis variables. In addition the effect of atorvastatin treatment was
Figure 2A,B: % Changes in APC-PCI (A) and s-TM (B)
for 3 dose groups: placebo, 10 and 80 mg atorvastatin
A total of 24 type II diabetics (m/v 50/50) without
manifest cardiovascular disease, mean age 59 y, mean
Six month placebo, 10 or 80 mg atorvastatin
BMI 31 were studied (DALI-study 1). APC-PCI was
resulted in median changes in APC-PCI of +3%; -9%
measured by EIA (Bioporto Diagnostics, Sweden).
(n.s) and -12% (p= 0.012, Wilcoxon signed ranks
Results
s-TM changed: -4.05% ; +2.3 (p=0.01) and + 5.2 %
a) Baseline metabolic correlations for APC-PCI
APC-PCI is normally distributed: Mean (SD) 0.63
c) Further haemostatic changes. No correlation with: • age and gender (σ²<6%)
• lipids (LDL; HDL; TG; FFA; apoA , B ; σ²<6%)
• endothelial markers: s-VCAM, s-selectin, vWF,
Negative correlation with fibrinogen:
Figure 3A,B. Associations between changes in s-TM, APC-PCI, d-dimer 1, and PAI-1 1 analysed by association (figA: σ²) and factor analysis (fig B). The data in figure 3 indicate that associations between changes follow two mechanisms. . Discussion
Figure 3 suggests that the changes follow the model:
Figure 1: pre-treatment fibrinogen vs APC-PCI
The negative correlation with fibrinogen is supported by
negative trends for IL-6 and SAA (σ²>10%).
This collectively indicates reduced thrombin formation.
Conclusions
decreased thrombin formation. Increase in s-TM
• By another mechanism fibrinolysis is enhanced.
References
It is suggested that reduced coagulation and increased
fibrinolysis collectively associate with the reduced
Szczeklik et al. JACC 33(1999) 1286 and Dangas et al. AJC 84(1999) 639
venous thrombosis rate under statin treatment
Lind et al. Arch Intern Med 169 (2009) 1210.
SUSANE - Sustainable, sanitary and efficient management of animal manure for plant nutrition Impact of medicated feed on the development of antimicrobial resistant bacteria in integrated pig-fish farms in Vietnam. 1. Introduction Use of animal manure as fertilizer of aquaculture ponds is practiced widely in Southeast Asia. Pigs are raised in houses on the edge of ponds and
Novel H1N1 Flu Updated Key Points May 5, 2009: 11:00 a.m. Situation Update CDC is reporting 403 laboratory confirmed human infections with novel H1N1 flu in 38 states in the United States. CDC will be verbally reporting probable cases at the daily telebriefings. This virus is spreading from person-to-person without regard for borders, race or ethnicity. However, children have been more likely t
The complex of activated protein C and Protein C inhibitor (APC-PCI)