The toxicology section routinely tests for more than 150 drugs, including common drugs of abuse, volatiles, central nervous sy

DRUG FACT SHEET:
The Toxicology Section routinely tests for more than Benztropine is a drug used in the treatment of
150 drugs, including common drugs of abuse, volatiles, Parkinsonism. Medical literature warns that central nervous system stimulants, depressants, benztropine may impair mental and/or physical abilities narcotic analgesics, hallucinogens, psychotropic drugs, required for performance of hazardous tasks, such as over the counter medicines, and therapeutic drugs. Benzylpiperazine (BZP) is a recreational drug with
euphoric, stimulant properties. The effects produced by 11-Hydroxy-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Hydroxy-THC) is
a metabolite of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the major Brompheniramine is an antihistamine available as an
11-Nor-9-Carboxy-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Carboxy-
over-the-counter drug. It may cause central nervous THC) is a metabolite of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the major psychoactive constituent of marijuana. Bupivacaine is a long-acting local anesthetic which is
6-Monoacetylmorphine is an active metabolite of
heroin. Its presence in biological samples is indicative Buprenorphine (Buprenex) is a synthetic opioid
analgesic which is structurally related to morphine. It is 7-Aminoclonazepam is a metabolite of the drug
used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain and clonazepam (Klonopin) a central nervous system is approximately 25 to 40 times more potent than 7-Aminoflunitrazepam is a metabolite of flunitrazepam
Bupropion (Wellbutrin, Zyban) is an antidepressant
(Rohypnol), a potent central nervous system drug that is also used for smoking cessation. Buproprion Metabolite is a byproduct of buproprion Acetaminophen (Tylenol) is a non-narcotic analgesic
(Wellbutrin, Zyban). Buproprion is an antidepressant drug that is also used for smoking cessation. Acetone is a common solvent for plastics, paints, and
Buspirone (Buspar) is used therapeutically for the
adhesives. Endogenous acetone may be present as a Butalbital is a short to intermediate-acting barbiturate
Alpha-hydroxyalprazolam is an active metabolite of
commonly compounded with aspirin, caffeine, and the anti-anxiety benzodiazepine drug alprazolam occasionally codeine. The drug is prescribed for the (Xanax). It may cause central nervous system treatment of tension headaches and may cause central Alpha-hydroxymidazolam is an active metabolite of
Butorphanol (Stadol) is a synthetic narcotic analgesic
the sedative benzodiazepine drug midazolam. that is structurally related to morphine. Butorphanol is Alpha-triazolam is a metabolite of the
used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain, and sedative/hypnotic benzodiazepine drug triazolam. has a potency of 5 to 8 times that of morphine. Alprazolam (Xanax) is a benzodiazepine class of
Carbamazepine (Tegretol) is structurally related to the
drugs. It is prescribed for management of anxiety tricyclic antidepressants and is currently used as an disorders. It may cause central nervous system anticonvulsant drug. It may cause central nervous Amitriptyline (Elavil, Endep) is a tricyclic
Carisoprodol (soma) is a rapidly acting muscle
antidepressant drug used in the treatment of relaxant available in prescription form. It may cause depression. It may cause central nervous system central nervous system depressant effects. Cetirizine (Zyrtec)an antihistamine, is a major
Amoxapine is an antidepressant drug that may result in
metabolite of hydroxyzine, used in the treatment of central system depressant effects. Amoxapine may be allergies, hay fever, angioedema, and urticaria.
Chlordiazepoxide (Librium) is a member of the
Amphetamine (Benzedrine, Dexedrine) is a central
benzodiazepine class of drugs. It is prescribed as an nervous system stimulant with a high potential for anti-anxiety drug. It may cause central nervous system abuse. It may be detected in biological samples as a depressant effects. Chlordiazepoxide is metabolized to Antipyrine is a drug used primarily an analgesic used
Chlorpheniramine is an over-the-counter antihistamine
as a component of topical solutions for decongestion found in many cold and allergy medications. It may cause central nervous system depressant effects. Benzoylecgonine is a hydrolysis product of cocaine
Chlorpromazine (Thorazine) is a potent anti-psychotic
without pharmacological activity. Its presence in a drug. It may cause central nervous system depressant biological sample is an indication of cocaine use. DRUG FACT SHEET:
Citalopram (Celexa) is a selective serotonin reuptake
Diltiazem (Cardiazem) is a calcium channel blocker
inhibitor. It is used therapeutically for the treatment of that is prescribed for the treatment of angina, hypertension, and arrhythmias. This cardiovascular Clomipramine is a tricyclic antidepressant used
primarily in the treatment of obsessive and compulsive Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) is an antihistamine
behavior. It may cause central nervous system available in many over-the-counter cold, allergy, and motion sickness medications. It may cause central Clonazepam (Klonopin, Clonopin, Rivotril) is a
benzodiazepine derivative used primarily for seizure Doxepin (Adapin) is a tricyclic antidepressant drug
disorders. It may cause central nervous system used in the treatment of depression and/or anxiety. It may cause central nervous system depressant effects. Clonidine is a potent antihypertensive agent which may
Doxylamine (Unisom) is an antihistamine contained in
cause central nervous system depressant effects. many over-the-counter cold preparations. It is used Clozapine (Clozaril) is an antipsychotic drug that is
primarily as a sleep-inducing agent. It may cause used for the treatment of severely ill schizophrenic patients that do not respond to standard antipsychotic EDDP is a metabolite of methadone, a synthetic opioid.
drug treatment. It may result in central nervous system Its presence in a biological sample is an indication of Cocaethylene is enzymatically produced when cocaine
Ephedrine/Pseudoephedrine are used as a nasal
and ethanol are consumed. Cocaethylene is decongestants and bronchodilators in various over-the- pharmacologically active and its presence in a counter cold and allergy medications. These biological sample is an indication of cocaine use. substances have stimulant-like effects and are Cocaine is a potent naturally occurring central nervous
encountered in various dietary supplements and weight- system stimulant with an extremely high potential for abuse. Crack cocaine is freebased cocaine which is Estazolam (ProSom) is a hypnotic drug of the
benzodiazepine class. It is used for the short-term Codeine is a narcotic analgesic drug prescribed for the
relief of pain or as a cough suppressant. It may cause Ethanol (ethyl Alcohol, Alcohol) is a central nervous
central nervous system depressant effects. Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril) is a centrally-acting muscle
Etomidate (Amidate) is a short acting intravenous
relaxant which can produce central nervous system anaesthetic agent used for the induction of general anaesthesia and for sedation. It is a central nervous Desalkylflurazepam is a metabolite of flurazepam
(Dalmane). Flurazepam is a hypnotic drug of the Fentanyl is a synthetic analgesic with a high potential
benzodiazepine class that may produce central nervous for abuse. It is used as a surgical anesthetic and is sometimes found in samples of illicit synthetic heroin Desipramine is a tricyclic antidepressant used for the
(china white). Fentanyl has a potency approximately treatment of depression. Desipramine is also used as a 100 to 200 times that of morphine and can cause metabolite of Imipramine. It may cause central nervous central nervous system depressant effects. Fluconazole antifungal drug used in the treatment and
Diazepam is a benzodiazepine-type drug prescribed for
prevention of superficial and systemic fungal infections. its antianxiety, anticonvulsant, and muscle relaxing Flunitrazepam (Rohypnol) is an extremely potent
properties. It may cause central nervous system hypnotic drug of the benzodiazepine class. It is not available therapeutically in the United States. Difluoroethane (ethylene fluoride) is a gas used as a
Fluoxetine (Prozac) is selective serotonin reuptake
propellant in canned air dusters such as “dust off” and inhibitor which is used for the treatment of depression. can be abused to get a small and short-lived buzz from Flurazepam (Dalmane) is a hypnotic drug of the
benzodiazepine class. Due to its rapid metabolism, Dihydrocodeine is a narcotic analgesic with central
flurazepam is normally not observed in the blood, rather nervous system depressant effects. It is prescribed for as a pharmacologically active metabolite, n- the treatment of mild to moderate pain and has an desalkylflurazepam. It may cause central nervous analgesic potency approximately one third that of morphine. Dihydrocodeine is also a metabolite of the Fluvoxamine (Luvox) is a selective serotonin reuptake
inhibitor which is used for the treatment of depression. DRUG FACT SHEET:
Gabapentin (Neurontin) It was originally developed for
Imipramine (Tofranil) is a tricyclic antidepressant used
the treatment of epilepsy but currently is widely used to for the treatment of depression. It may cause central relieve pain, especially neuropathic pain. It can produce central nervous system depressant effects. Isopropanol (2-propanol, rubbing alcohol) is a central
Gamma butyrolactone (GBL) is a colorless liquid used
nervous system depressant that is metabolized to in the production of floor strippers, glue removers, paint acetone in the body. Isopropanol may accumulate in thinners, pesticides, herbicides, inks, dyes, and other the body as a result of certain medical conditions. industrial products. When swallowed, it acts as a Ketamine (Ketalar, Ketaject) is a rapid-acting veterinary
depressant. It is metabolized in the body into GHB. It is anesthetic closely related to phencyclidine (PCP). also considered a "date rape" drug because it can Lamotrigine (Lamictal) is an anticonvulsant drug which
render a victim unconscious and produce memory loss is used for the treatment of epilepsy. It may cause Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) can produce
central nervous system depressant effects. profound central nervous system depression in large Levorphanol (Dromoran) is potent synthetic narcotic
doses. The drug is encountered illicitly as a with a high potential for abuse. It is prescribed for the recreational euphoriant. GHB is also an endogenous treatment of moderate to severe pain. The analgesic (Natural) neuromodulator which is present in biological potency of levorphanol is approximately 4 to 5 times that of morphine and it can produce central nervous Guaifenesin is used extensively as an expectorant and
veterinary muscle relaxant. It is present in many over- Lidocaine is commonly used as a local anesthetic in
Haloperidol (Haldol) is used in the treatment of
Lorazepam (Ativan) is an antianxiety agent similar to
psychotic disorders. It may cause central nervous diazepam (Valium). It may cause central nervous Heroin is a synthetic narcotic analgesic with a high
Loxapine is a tricyclic drug used for the treatment of
potential for abuse. It is a common illicit drug and is not psychosis. It may cause central nervous system available therapeutically in the United States. It may cause central nervous system depressant effects. Maprotiline is a tetracyclic drug used for the treatment
Hydrocodone (Vicodin, Lortab, Panacet) is a
of depression. It may cause central nervous system semisynthetic narcotic analgesic with a high potential for abuse. It is prescribed as a pain reliever and cough mCPP (meta-Chlorophenylpiperazine) is an active
suppressant and it is structurally related to morphine. metabolite of Trazadone as well as a recreational Hydrocodone has an analgesic potency approximately psychoactive drug of the piperazine chemical class 1 to 2 times that of morphine and may cause central reported to produce stimulant and hallucinogenic Hydromorphone (Dilaudid) is a semisynthetic narcotic
Meclizine (Antivert) is an antihistamine used for the
analgesic with a high potential for abuse. It is treatment of vertigo and motion sickness. prescribed as a pain reliever and cough suppressant Meperidine (Demerol) is a synthetic narcotic analgesic
and it is structurally related to morphine. with a high potential for abuse. The drug is used for the treatment of moderate severe pain. The analgesic approximately 7 to 10 times that of morphine and may potency of meperidine is approximately one tenth that cause central nervous system depressant effects. of morphine. It may cause central nervous system Hydroxybuproprion is a metabolite of Buproprion
(Wellbutrin, Zyban) and antidepressant drug. Meprobamate (Miltown, Equanil) is used
Hydroxyethylflurazepam is a metabolite of flurazepam
therapeutically as a sedative/hypnotic, antianxiety agent (Dalmane). Flurazepam is a hypnotic agent of the and skeletal muscle relaxant. Meprobamate is also a metabolite of Carisoprodol (Soma). It may cause Hydroxyzine (Vistaril, Atarax) is a sedative agent with
central nervous system depressant effects. antihistaminic properties, is used in the treatment of Mesoridazine (Lidanil, Serentil) is an antipsychotic
anxiety and tension. It may cause central nervous agent. It may cause central nervous system depressant Ibogaine is a naturally occurring psychoactive
Metaxalone (Skelaxin) is a muscle relaxant used to
substance found in a number of plants. Has been used relax muscles and relieve pain caused by strains, to treat opioid addiction. It may cause central nervous sprains, and other musculoskeletal conditions. It may cause central nervous system depressant effects. Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) is a non-narcotic analgesic
DRUG FACT SHEET:
Methadone (Dolophine) is a synthetic opioid which is
Morphine is a narcotic analgesic used for the treatment
used for the treatment of pain and opiate dependence. of moderate to severe pain. It has a high potential for Methamphetamine (Desoxyn, Methedrine) is a potent
abuse. Morphine may be present as a metabolite of central nervous system stimulant drug with an other narcotic analgesics, such as codeine or heroin. It extremely high potential for abuse. In small doses, the may cause central nervous system depressant effects. drug is used for the treatment of obesity. Naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn) is a nonsteroidal anti-
Methanol (methyl alcohol, wood alcohol) is a central
inflammatory drug with analgesic and antipyretic nervous system depressant and a common solvent for Nefazodone is a serotonin reuptake inhibitor used for
Methaqualone (Quaalude) is a sedative/hypnotic that
the treatment of depression. It may produce central was removed from the U.S. market in 1984 due to its extensive misuse. It may cause central nervous system Nordiazepam is an active metabolite of several
benzodiazepines, including diazepam (Valium). It may Methocarbamol (Robaxin) is used therapeutically as a
cause central nervous system depressant effect. sedative or muscle relaxant that may result in Nordoxepin is an active metabolite of Doxepin
(Adapin), which is used for the treatment of anxiety or Methorphan, is chemically related to codeine. It is
depression. It may cause central nervous system found in several over-the-counter preparations which are used as cough suppressants. It may cause central Norfluoxetine is an active metabolite of fluoxetine
nervous system depressant effects as well as (Prozac), which is used for the treatment of depression. Normeperidine is an active metabolite of meperidine
Methotrimeprazine is an antipsychotic phenothiazine
(Demerol), a narcotic analgesic with a high potential for derivative similar to chlorpromazine (Thorazine). When prescribed in this county, however, it is used an as Norproxyphene is an active metabolite of
analgesic. It is a central nervous system depressant. propoxyphene, a mildly effective narcotic analgesic Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK) is used as a solvent in
(pain reliever). It may cause central nervous system household products such as lacquer, varnishes, paint remover, a denaturing agent for denatured alcohol, Nortriptyline (Aventyl, Pamelor) is a tricyclic drug used
glues, and as a cleaning agent. Can be abused to get a for the treatment of depression. It can be present as a metabolite of amitriptyline (Elavil) and may cause Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) is a psychedelic,
central nervous system depressant effects. stimulant and empathogen-enactogen amphetamine O-Desmethylvenlafaxine is an active metabolite of
derivative also a metabolite of MDMA. It can produce Venlafaxine (Effexor), an antidepressant drug. both central nervous system stimulation and Olanzapine (Zyprexa) is an antipsychotic drug related
to the benzodiazepine class. It may cause central Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a
synthetic drug possessing both stimulant and mild Orphenadrine (Norgesic) is an anticholinergic agent
hallucinogenic properties. On the street it is known as used in treatment of Parkinsonism. It may produce central nervous system depressant effects. Methylphenidate (Ritalin) is a drug used in the
Oxazepam is an antianxiety agent of the
treatment of depression, narcolepsy, and childhood benzodiazepine class. It is also found as an active hyperkinesis. Overdose can cause drowsiness or metabolite of several other benzodiazepines. It may cause central nervous system depressant effects. Midazolam (Versed) is a member of the
Oxycodone (Oxycontin, Roxicondone, Percodan,
benzodiazepine class of drugs. It is only available for Percocet, Roxicet, Tylox) is a semisynthetic narcotic presurgical sedation in the injectable form. analgesic with a high potential for abuse. It is Mirtazapine (Remeron) is tetracyclic drug used for the
prescribed for the treatment of moderate to severe pain and may cause central nervous system depressant Modafinil (Provigil) is a central nervous system
stimulant medication used for the treatment of Oxymorphone (Numorphan) powerful semi-synthetic
narcolepsy, shift work sleep disorder and excessive opioid analgesic and can produce central nervous daytime sleepiness associated with obstructive sleep Papaverine is a naturally occurring opium alkaloid. It is
used therapeutically as a vasodilator and DRUG FACT SHEET:
Paroxetine (Paxil) is a serotonin reuptake inhibitor
Propoxyphene (Darvon) is a mildly effective synthetic
narcotic analgesic used for the treatment of mild to Pentazocine is a synthetic narcotic analgesic which is
moderate pain. It may cause central nervous system prescribed for the treatment of moderate to severe pain. It may cause central nervous system depressant Propylhexedrine (Benzedrex, Obesin) is structurally
related to methamphetamine. Propylhexedrine is Pentobarbital (Nembutal) is a short-acting barbiturate
available over-the-counter for use as a nasal with sedative, anticonvulsant and central nervous Protriptyline (Vivactil) is a tricyclic antidepressant drug.
Phencyclidine (PCP) is an illicit drug of abuse and a
It may cause central nervous system depressant veterinary tranquilizer. It produces dissociative Quetiapine (Seroquel) is a neuroleptic agent, used for
Phendimetrazine is an anorexic drug (appetite
suppressant). It possesses central nervous system Quinidine is an antiarrhythmic agent. It occurs
stimulant properties like amphetamine-type drugs. naturally with quinine in cinchona bark. Pheniramine is an antihistamine drug which is found in
Quinine is an antimalarial agent. It occurs naturally
combination with decongestants, antitussives, with Quinidine in cinchona bark and is sometimes used Phenmetrazine is an anorective agent with a high
Sec-Butanol is an important industrial solvent found in
potential for abuse. It may be present as an active many domestic cleaning agents and paint removers. metabolite of phendimetrazine. It possesses central nervous system stimulant properties like amphetamine Secobarbital is a short-acting barbiturate which is used
therapeutically as a sedative/hypnotic. It may cause Phenobarbital is a barbiturate with sedative/hypnotic
central nervous system depressant effects. and anticonvulsant properties. It may cause central Selegiline (Deprenyl, Eldepryl) is a methamphetamine
derivative used for the treatment of Parkinsonism, Phentermine is prescribed as an anorexic agent
dementia, and schizophrenia. It may produce central (appetite suppressant). It may cause central nervous Sertraline (Zoloft) is a serotonin reuptake inhibitor used
Phenylpropanolamine was an over-the-counter cold
medication used as a nasal decongestant and Strychnine is a potent central nervous system
bronchodilator. It can produce central nervous system stimulant and convulsant. It is a natural alkaloid found in the leaves of Strychnos nux-vomica but it is also Phenytoin (Dilantin) is an anticonvulsant drug used in
the treatment of seizure disorders. It may cause central Temazepam (Restoril) is a hypnotic drug of the
benzodiazepine class. It is also a metabolite of other Prazepam is an antianxiety drug of the benzodiazepine
benzodiazepines. It may cause central nervous system class. Administration of Prazepam may result in central Terpin Hydrate is an expectorant, commonly used in
Primidone is a derivative of Phenobarbital, frequently
the treatment of acute and chronic bronchitis. It is used for the treatment of seizure disorders. It may commonly formulated with an antitussive (e.g., codeine) cause central nervous system depressant effects. as a combined preparation. It may cause central Procaine (Novocain) is a local anesthetic used for
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the principal
Prochlorperazine (Compazine, Stemetil) is an
psychoactive constituent of marijuana. When smoked, antipsychotic agent of the phenothiazine class. It is it is rapidly distributed to various tissues and disappears Promethazine is a phenothiazine derivative that is
Thebaine is a naturally occurring opium alkaloid. It is
widely used as an antihistamine, antiemetic, and sedative. It may cause central nervous system Thiopental is an ultra-short-acting barbiturate and has
been used commonly in the induction phase of general Propofol (Diprivan) is a short-acting, intravenously
anesthesia. It may cause central nervous system administered hypnotic/sedative agent and supplements other types of general anesthetics.It will cause central Thioridazine (Melleril) belongs to the phenothiazine
class of antipsychotic tranquilizers. It may cause central nervous system depressant effects. DRUG FACT SHEET:
Tizanidine (Zanaflex, Sirdalud) is used as a muscle
Xylazine is a phenothiazine derivative that is used as a
relaxant. It is a centrally acting α-2 adrenergic agonist. It veterinary sedative, analgesic, and anesthetic agent in may cause central nervous system depressant effects. large animals. It may cause central nervous system Toluene is an aromatic solvent present in numerous
paints, thinners, glues. Symptoms of intoxication are Zaleplon (Sonata) is a sedative/hypnotic, mainly used
similar to ethyl alcohol and often a chemical odor is for insomnia. may cause hallucinations, abnormal present in the breath. It may cause central nervous behavior, severe confusion, day-time drowsiness, dizziness or lightheadedness, unsteadiness and/or falls, Topiramate (Topamax) is an adjunctive therapeutic
agent for the treatment of seizure disorders. Zolpidem (Ambien) is a hypnotic drug used for the
Tramadol (Ultram) is a synthetic narcotic analgesic. It
short-term management of insomnia. It may impair may cause central nervous system depressant effects. driving skills with a resultant increased risk of road Trazodone (Desyrel) is used therapeutically for the
traffic accidents. It can be used recreationally for some treatment of depression. It may cause central nervous of its side-effects, notably sedation, hallucinations and Triazolam (Halcion) is a hypnotic drug used for the
short-term management of insomnia. It may cause
central nervous system depressant effects.
Trifluoroperazine (Stelazine) belongs to the
phenothiazine class of antipsychotic tranquilizers. It
may cause central nervous system depressant effects.
Trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine (TFMPP) is a
recreational drug of the piperazine chemical class.
Usually in combination with its analogue
benzylpiperazine (BZP), it is sold as a legal alternative
to the illicit drug MDMA ("Ecstasy") under the name
"Legal X"
Trihexyphenidyl (Artane) is an antispasmodic used for
the treatment of Parkinsonism. Adverse reactions to
this drug may include blurring of vision, dizziness,
nausea, and nervousness. It is noted in the literature
that this type of drug may impair the mental and/or
physical abilities required for the performance of
potentially hazardous tasks, such as driving a vehicle or
operating machinery.
Trimethobenzamide (Tebamide, Tigan) is an
antiemetic used to prevent nausea and vomiting. It may
cause central nervous system depressant effects.
Trimethoprim (Trimpex, Proloprim, Primsol) is a
bacteriostatic antibiotic used for the treatment and
prevention of urinary tract infections
Triprolidine (Actidil, Myidil) is an over-the-counter
antihistamine with anticholinergic properties. The most
common side effect is drowsiness.
Valproic Acid (Depakote) is an anticonvulsant and has
been used for the treatment of the manic phase of
bipolar disorder. Possible side effects include nausea,
vomiting, sedation, and weakness.
Venlafaxine (Effexor) is an antidepressant drug which
inhibits serotonin and norepinephrine.
Verapamil (Calan, Isoptin, Verelan) is a cardiovascular
drug used for the management of angina, arrhythmia,
and hypertension.

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