EAZWV Transmissible Disease Fact Sheet Sheet No. 72 BORDETELLOSIS CLINICAL TREATMENT PREVENTION DISEASE ? & CONTROL AFFECTED Fact sheet compiled by Last update
Manfred Brack, formerly German Primate Center,
Göttingen / Germany. Fact sheet reviewed by W. Rietschel, Wilhelma Zoologischer-Botanischer Garten, Stuttgart, Germany C. Furley, Howletts Zoo, Bekesbourne, United Kingdom Susceptible animal groups Callitrichidae, Saimiri sciureus, mangabeys, rhesus monkeys, African green monkeys, Galago senegalensis, Pan troglodytes. Causative organism Bordetella bronchiseptica ( 1 x B.pertussis in Pan troglodytes). Zoonotic potential Theoretically yes. Distribution Temperate climates. Transmission Aerogenously (droplet infection).B.bronchiseptica can survive and grow in natural waters and buffered saline! Incubation period Man: 2 – 5 days. Clinical symptoms Mucopurulent nasal discharge, dyspnoea, cough, letharg, recumbency, inappetence, sometimes death without preceeding symptoms. Post mortem findings Focal to widespread fibrinopurulent bronchopneumonia, fibrinous pleuritis, peribronchiolar fibrosis, Occasionally otitis media and leptomengitis. Lymphoid depletion in splenic white pulp. Diagnosis Cultivation on blood agar supplemented with cephalexin, DCLS-agar or Bordet-Gengou agar (haemolysis on Bordet-Gengou agar). MacConkey furaltadone medium without nystatin, Smith- and- Baskerville medium without amphotericin. Serology: agglutination tests. Material required for laboratory analysis Nasal excretions, lung tissues. Relevant diagnostic laboratories Local veterinary or medical laboratories. Treatment Polymyxin B, Tetracycline, Gentamycin, Kanamycin. Prevention and control in zoos
Measures required under the Animal Disease Surveillance Plan
Measures required for introducing animals from non-approved sources
Measures to be taken in case of disease outbreak or positive laboratory findings
Conditions for restoring disease-free status after an outbreak
Experts who may be consulted
References 1. Bae, Y. C., S. S. Yoon, J. W. Park. S. K. Lee, O. K. Moon, M. I. Kang, and J. H. Jean. 2002. Fatal case of
acute pleuritis by Bordetella bronchiseptica in a squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus). Vet.Pathol. 39: 622.
2. Bemis, D. A., and S.A. Wilson. 1985. Influence of potential virulence determinants on Bordetella bronchiseptica – induced ciliostasis. Infect. Immun. 50: 35 – 42.
3. Brack, M. 1987. Agents Transmissible from Simians to Man. Springer, Berlin. 4. Gueirard, P., C. Weber, A. le Coustumier, and N. Guiso. 1995. Human Bordetella bronchiseptica infection
related to contact with infected animals: Persistence of bacteria in host. J. Clin. Microbiol. 33: 2002 – 2006.
5. Gustavsson, O. E. A., B. O. Röken, and R. Serrander. 1990. An epizootic of whooping cough among
chimpanzees in a zoo. Folia Primatol. 55: 45 – 50.
6. Klein, H. J., W. C. Hall, and W. J. Pouch. 1987. Characterization of an outbreak of Bordetella bronchiseptica in a group of African green monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops). Lab. Anim. Sci. 37: 524 .
7. Lariviere, S., L. Leblanc, K. R. Mittal, and G. P. Martineau. 1993. Comparison of isolation methods for the
recovery of Bordetella bronchiseptioca and Pasteurella multocida from the nasal cavities of piglets. J. Clin. Microbiol. 31: 364 – 367.